{ "name": "Who owns an architect's drawings, by statute and appointment", "title": "Who owns an architect's drawings, by statute and appointment", "kind": "terms-board", "url": "https://sellarchitecturedatatoai.com/datasets/architecture-design-ownership-law/", "csv": "https://sellarchitecturedatatoai.com/datasets/architecture-design-ownership-law.csv", "markdown": "https://sellarchitecturedatatoai.com/datasets/architecture-design-ownership-law/index.md", "computed_at": "2026-10-28", "license": "https://sellarchitecturedatatoai.com/terms", "headline": "13 rules on who owns an architect's drawings and models and what a client's licence covers, each quoted from the statute or the appointment's publisher, read 28 October 2026.", "quotes": [ "13 rules on who owns an architect's drawings and models and what a client's licence covers, each quoted from the statute or the appointment's publisher, read 28 October 2026.", "Where the rule comes from, by provision: a UK statute 6 of 13, a US statute or the US Copyright Office 5 of 13, the AIA's standard appointment 1 of 13, the RIBA's standard appointment 1 of 13 (13 provisions, read 28 October 2026).", "What it settles, by provision: what others may do without a licence 3 of 13, how a right is assigned or licensed 3 of 13, what in a building or drawing is protected 3 of 13, what the client may do with the drawings 2 of 13, who owns a design first 1 of 13, how long the right lasts 1 of 13 (13 provisions, read 28 October 2026).", "The rule in its own words, by provision: stated 13 of 13 (13 provisions, read 28 October 2026)." ], "citation": "\"Who owns an architect's drawings, by statute and appointment\", updated 2026-10-28, https://sellarchitecturedatatoai.com/datasets/architecture-design-ownership-law/.", "national": { "n": 13, "unit": "provisions", "documents": 13, "published_sources": 13, "named_sources": 19 }, "board": { "type": "clauses", "noun": { "one": "provision", "many": "provisions" }, "document": { "one": "text", "many": "texts" }, "fields": [ { "id": "source_kind", "label": "Where the rule comes from", "counts": { "us-statute": 5, "aia-appointment": 1, "uk-statute": 6, "riba-appointment": 1 }, "values": [ { "value": "us-statute", "text": "a US statute or the US Copyright Office" }, { "value": "uk-statute", "text": "a UK statute" }, { "value": "aia-appointment", "text": "the AIA's standard appointment" }, { "value": "riba-appointment", "text": "the RIBA's standard appointment" } ] }, { "id": "settles", "label": "What it settles", "counts": { "what-is-protected": 3, "exceptions": 3, "first-owner": 1, "term": 1, "client-licence": 2, "how-rights-pass": 3 }, "values": [ { "value": "what-is-protected", "text": "what in a building or drawing is protected" }, { "value": "first-owner", "text": "who owns a design first" }, { "value": "client-licence", "text": "what the client may do with the drawings" }, { "value": "how-rights-pass", "text": "how a right is assigned or licensed" }, { "value": "term", "text": "how long the right lasts" }, { "value": "exceptions", "text": "what others may do without a licence" } ] }, { "id": "words", "label": "The rule in its own words", "counts": { "stated": 13 }, "values": [ { "value": "stated", "text": "stated" } ], "clause": true } ], "lead": { "type": "count", "field": null, "value": null, "n": 13, "of": 13, "label": "Rules quoted from the text" }, "vendors": [ { "name": "17 U.S.C. 101, architectural work", "answers": { "source_kind": { "value": "us-statute", "text": "a US statute or the US Copyright Office", "documents": [ { "document": "Title 17, United States Code, chapter 1 (section 101)", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html", "value": "us-statute", "quote": "An “architectural work” is the design of a building as embodied in any tangible medium of expression" } ] }, "settles": { "value": "what-is-protected", "text": "what in a building or drawing is protected", "documents": [ { "document": "Title 17, United States Code, chapter 1 (section 101)", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html", "value": "what-is-protected", "quote": "The work includes the overall form as well as the arrangement and composition of spaces and elements in the design, but does not include individual standard features." } ] }, "words": { "value": "stated", "text": "The work includes the overall form as well as the arrangement and composition of spaces…", "documents": [ { "document": "Title 17, United States Code, chapter 1 (section 101)", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html", "value": "stated", "quote": "The work includes the overall form as well as the arrangement and composition of spaces and elements in the design, but does not include individual standard features." } ] } } }, { "name": "17 U.S.C. 102(a)(8), architectural works", "answers": { "source_kind": { "value": "us-statute", "text": "a US statute or the US Copyright Office", "documents": [ { "document": "Title 17, United States Code, section 102 (with notes)", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/17/102?link-type=html", "value": "us-statute", "quote": "An architect's plans and drawings would, of course, be protected by copyright" } ] }, "settles": { "value": "what-is-protected", "text": "what in a building or drawing is protected", "documents": [ { "document": "Title 17, United States Code, section 102 (with notes)", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/17/102?link-type=html", "value": "what-is-protected", "quote": "An architect's plans and drawings would, of course, be protected by copyright, but the extent to which that protection would extend to the structure depicted would depend on the circumstances." } ] }, "words": { "value": "stated", "text": "An architect's plans and drawings would, of course, be protected by copyright, but the…", "documents": [ { "document": "Title 17, United States Code, section 102 (with notes)", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/17/102?link-type=html", "value": "stated", "quote": "An architect's plans and drawings would, of course, be protected by copyright, but the extent to which that protection would extend to the structure depicted would depend on the circumstances." } ] } } }, { "name": "17 U.S.C. 120(b), alterations and destruction", "answers": { "source_kind": { "value": "us-statute", "text": "a US statute or the US Copyright Office", "documents": [ { "document": "Title 17, United States Code, section 120", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/17/120?link-type=html", "value": "us-statute", "quote": "Notwithstanding the provisions of section 106(2), the owners of a building embodying an architectural work may" } ] }, "settles": { "value": "exceptions", "text": "what others may do without a licence", "documents": [ { "document": "Title 17, United States Code, section 120", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/17/120?link-type=html", "value": "exceptions", "quote": "the owners of a building embodying an architectural work may, without the consent of the author or copyright owner of the architectural work, make or authorize the making of alterations to such building, and destroy or authorize the destruction of such building." } ] }, "words": { "value": "stated", "text": "the owners of a building embodying an architectural work may, without the consent of the…", "documents": [ { "document": "Title 17, United States Code, section 120", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/17/120?link-type=html", "value": "stated", "quote": "the owners of a building embodying an architectural work may, without the consent of the author or copyright owner of the architectural work, make or authorize the making of alterations to such building, and destroy or authorize the destruction of such building." } ] } } }, { "name": "17 U.S.C. 201(a), initial ownership", "answers": { "source_kind": { "value": "us-statute", "text": "a US statute or the US Copyright Office", "documents": [ { "document": "Title 17, United States Code, chapter 2 (section 201)", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap2.html", "value": "us-statute", "quote": "Copyright in a work protected under this title vests initially in the author or authors of the work." } ] }, "settles": { "value": "first-owner", "text": "who owns a design first", "documents": [ { "document": "Title 17, United States Code, chapter 2 (section 201)", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap2.html", "value": "first-owner", "quote": "Copyright in a work protected under this title vests initially in the author or authors of the work. The authors of a joint work are coowners of copyright in the work." } ] }, "words": { "value": "stated", "text": "Copyright in a work protected under this title vests initially in the author or authors…", "documents": [ { "document": "Title 17, United States Code, chapter 2 (section 201)", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap2.html", "value": "stated", "quote": "Copyright in a work protected under this title vests initially in the author or authors of the work. The authors of a joint work are coowners of copyright in the work." } ] } } }, { "name": "17 U.S.C. 302(c), term for hire", "answers": { "source_kind": { "value": "us-statute", "text": "a US statute or the US Copyright Office", "documents": [ { "document": "Title 17, United States Code, chapter 3 (section 302)", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap3.html", "value": "us-statute", "quote": "or a term of 120 years from the year of its creation, whichever expires first" } ] }, "settles": { "value": "term", "text": "how long the right lasts", "documents": [ { "document": "Title 17, United States Code, chapter 3 (section 302)", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap3.html", "value": "term", "quote": "or a term of 120 years from the year of its creation, whichever expires first" } ] }, "words": { "value": "stated", "text": "or a term of 120 years from the year of its creation, whichever expires first", "documents": [ { "document": "Title 17, United States Code, chapter 3 (section 302)", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap3.html", "value": "stated", "quote": "or a term of 120 years from the year of its creation, whichever expires first" } ] } } }, { "name": "AIA B101-2017, instruments of service", "answers": { "source_kind": { "value": "aia-appointment", "text": "the AIA's standard appointment", "documents": [ { "document": "AIA Contract Documents, The Rights of an Architect's Instruments of Service", "url": "https://help.aiacontracts.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500009310881-The-Rights-of-an-Architect-s-Instruments-of-Service", "value": "aia-appointment", "quote": "the Architect and the Architect’s consultants are deemed the authors and owners of their respective Instruments of Service" } ] }, "settles": { "value": "client-licence", "text": "what the client may do with the drawings", "documents": [ { "document": "AIA Contract Documents, The Rights of an Architect's Instruments of Service", "url": "https://help.aiacontracts.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500009310881-The-Rights-of-an-Architect-s-Instruments-of-Service", "value": "client-licence", "quote": "The Owner receives a license to use the Instruments of Service solely and exclusively for constructing, using, maintaining, altering and adding to the Project." } ] }, "words": { "value": "stated", "text": "The Owner receives a license to use the Instruments of Service solely and exclusively for…", "documents": [ { "document": "AIA Contract Documents, The Rights of an Architect's Instruments of Service", "url": "https://help.aiacontracts.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500009310881-The-Rights-of-an-Architect-s-Instruments-of-Service", "value": "stated", "quote": "The Owner receives a license to use the Instruments of Service solely and exclusively for constructing, using, maintaining, altering and adding to the Project." } ] } } }, { "name": "CDPA 1988 s.4(1)(b), work of architecture", "answers": { "source_kind": { "value": "uk-statute", "text": "a UK statute", "documents": [ { "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 4", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/4", "value": "uk-statute", "quote": "a work of architecture being a building or a model for a building, or" } ] }, "settles": { "value": "what-is-protected", "text": "what in a building or drawing is protected", "documents": [ { "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 4", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/4", "value": "what-is-protected", "quote": "a work of architecture being a building or a model for a building, or" } ] }, "words": { "value": "stated", "text": "a work of architecture being a building or a model for a building, or", "documents": [ { "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 4", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/4", "value": "stated", "quote": "a work of architecture being a building or a model for a building, or" } ] } } }, { "name": "CDPA 1988 s.62, buildings on public display", "answers": { "source_kind": { "value": "uk-statute", "text": "a UK statute", "documents": [ { "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 62", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/62", "value": "uk-statute", "quote": "sculptures, models for buildings and works of artistic craftsmanship, if permanently situated in a public place" } ] }, "settles": { "value": "exceptions", "text": "what others may do without a licence", "documents": [ { "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 62", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/62", "value": "exceptions", "quote": "sculptures, models for buildings and works of artistic craftsmanship, if permanently situated in a public place or in premises open to the public." } ] }, "words": { "value": "stated", "text": "sculptures, models for buildings and works of artistic craftsmanship, if permanently…", "documents": [ { "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 62", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/62", "value": "stated", "quote": "sculptures, models for buildings and works of artistic craftsmanship, if permanently situated in a public place or in premises open to the public." } ] } } }, { "name": "CDPA 1988 s.65, reconstruction of buildings", "answers": { "source_kind": { "value": "uk-statute", "text": "a UK statute", "documents": [ { "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 65", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/65", "value": "uk-statute", "quote": "Anything done for the purposes of reconstructing a building does not infringe any copyright" } ] }, "settles": { "value": "exceptions", "text": "what others may do without a licence", "documents": [ { "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 65", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/65", "value": "exceptions", "quote": "Anything done for the purposes of reconstructing a building does not infringe any copyright" } ] }, "words": { "value": "stated", "text": "Anything done for the purposes of reconstructing a building does not infringe any…", "documents": [ { "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 65", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/65", "value": "stated", "quote": "Anything done for the purposes of reconstructing a building does not infringe any copyright" } ] } } }, { "name": "CDPA 1988 s.90(4), licence binds successors", "answers": { "source_kind": { "value": "uk-statute", "text": "a UK statute", "documents": [ { "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 90", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/90", "value": "uk-statute", "quote": "A licence granted by a copyright owner is binding on every successor in title to his interest in the copyright" } ] }, "settles": { "value": "how-rights-pass", "text": "how a right is assigned or licensed", "documents": [ { "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 90", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/90", "value": "how-rights-pass", "quote": "A licence granted by a copyright owner is binding on every successor in title to his interest in the copyright, except a purchaser in good faith for valuable consideration and without notice (actual or constructive) of the licence" } ] }, "words": { "value": "stated", "text": "A licence granted by a copyright owner is binding on every successor in title to his…", "documents": [ { "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 90", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/90", "value": "stated", "quote": "A licence granted by a copyright owner is binding on every successor in title to his interest in the copyright, except a purchaser in good faith for valuable consideration and without notice (actual or constructive) of the licence" } ] } } }, { "name": "CDPA 1988 s.91, prospective ownership", "answers": { "source_kind": { "value": "uk-statute", "text": "a UK statute", "documents": [ { "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 91", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/91", "value": "uk-statute", "quote": "Where by an agreement made in relation to future copyright, and signed by or on behalf of the prospective owner of the copyright" } ] }, "settles": { "value": "how-rights-pass", "text": "how a right is assigned or licensed", "documents": [ { "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 91", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/91", "value": "how-rights-pass", "quote": "Where by an agreement made in relation to future copyright, and signed by or on behalf of the prospective owner of the copyright, the prospective owner purports to assign the future copyright (wholly or partially) to another person" } ] }, "words": { "value": "stated", "text": "Where by an agreement made in relation to future copyright, and signed by or on behalf of…", "documents": [ { "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 91", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/91", "value": "stated", "quote": "Where by an agreement made in relation to future copyright, and signed by or on behalf of the prospective owner of the copyright, the prospective owner purports to assign the future copyright (wholly or partially) to another person" } ] } } }, { "name": "CDPA 1988 s.92(1), exclusive licence", "answers": { "source_kind": { "value": "uk-statute", "text": "a UK statute", "documents": [ { "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 92", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/92", "value": "uk-statute", "quote": "In this Part an “exclusive licence” means a licence in writing signed by or on behalf of the copyright owner" } ] }, "settles": { "value": "how-rights-pass", "text": "how a right is assigned or licensed", "documents": [ { "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 92", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/92", "value": "how-rights-pass", "quote": "In this Part an “exclusive licence” means a licence in writing signed by or on behalf of the copyright owner authorising the licensee to the exclusion of all other persons, including the person granting the licence" } ] }, "words": { "value": "stated", "text": "In this Part an “exclusive licence” means a licence in writing signed by or on behalf of…", "documents": [ { "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 92", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/92", "value": "stated", "quote": "In this Part an “exclusive licence” means a licence in writing signed by or on behalf of the copyright owner authorising the licensee to the exclusion of all other persons, including the person granting the licence" } ] } } }, { "name": "RIBA Professional Services Contracts 2020, copyright licence", "answers": { "source_kind": { "value": "riba-appointment", "text": "the RIBA's standard appointment", "documents": [ { "document": "RIBA, Professional Services Contracts: a helpful and practical agreement", "url": "https://www.riba.org/work/business-tools/riba-contracts/riba-professional-services-contracts-a-helpful-and-practical-agreement/", "value": "riba-appointment", "quote": "the conditions attaching to the Client's licence to use the Architect's copyright materials" } ] }, "settles": { "value": "client-licence", "text": "what the client may do with the drawings", "documents": [ { "document": "RIBA, Professional Services Contracts: a helpful and practical agreement", "url": "https://www.riba.org/work/business-tools/riba-contracts/riba-professional-services-contracts-a-helpful-and-practical-agreement/", "value": "client-licence", "quote": "Licence arrangements in the Architect's copyright materials attempt to strike a balance between conditions that a Client is likely to accept on the one hand and protecting the Architect from the potential inequity of a Client having a right to use materials for which it has not paid" } ] }, "words": { "value": "stated", "text": "Licence arrangements in the Architect's copyright materials attempt to strike a balance…", "documents": [ { "document": "RIBA, Professional Services Contracts: a helpful and practical agreement", "url": "https://www.riba.org/work/business-tools/riba-contracts/riba-professional-services-contracts-a-helpful-and-practical-agreement/", "value": "stated", "quote": "Licence arrangements in the Architect's copyright materials attempt to strike a balance between conditions that a Client is likely to accept on the one hand and protecting the Architect from the potential inequity of a Client having a right to use materials for which it has not paid" } ] } } } ] }, "subject_kind": "provision", "rows": [ { "subject": "17 U.S.C. 101, architectural work", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html", "document": "Title 17, United States Code, chapter 1 (section 101)", "question": "source_kind", "answer": "us-statute", "answer_text": "a US statute or the US Copyright Office", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "An “architectural work” is the design of a building as embodied in any tangible medium of expression", "text_sha256": "ec93a08f2aef78393077b73184d250681c3181f69997fab25b56dc2610e83306" }, { "subject": "17 U.S.C. 101, architectural work", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html", "document": "Title 17, United States Code, chapter 1 (section 101)", "question": "settles", "answer": "what-is-protected", "answer_text": "what in a building or drawing is protected", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "The work includes the overall form as well as the arrangement and composition of spaces and elements in the design, 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"quote": "Notwithstanding the provisions of section 106(2), the owners of a building embodying an architectural work may", "text_sha256": "60b7b3a6cfb3da676f3f0ef1e6d855de98ccb128ccac6a7ef16dba10039a7580" }, { "subject": "17 U.S.C. 120(b), alterations and destruction", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/17/120?link-type=html", "document": "Title 17, United States Code, section 120", "question": "settles", "answer": "exceptions", "answer_text": "what others may do without a licence", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "the owners of a building embodying an architectural work may, without the consent of the author or copyright owner of the architectural work, make or authorize the making of alterations to such building, and destroy or authorize the destruction of such building.", "text_sha256": "60b7b3a6cfb3da676f3f0ef1e6d855de98ccb128ccac6a7ef16dba10039a7580" }, { "subject": "17 U.S.C. 120(b), alterations and destruction", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/17/120?link-type=html", "document": "Title 17, United States Code, section 120", "question": "words", "answer": "stated", "answer_text": "the owners of a building embodying an architectural work may, without the consent of the…", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "the owners of a building embodying an architectural work may, without the consent of the author or copyright owner of the architectural work, make or authorize the making of alterations to such building, and destroy or authorize the destruction of such building.", "text_sha256": "60b7b3a6cfb3da676f3f0ef1e6d855de98ccb128ccac6a7ef16dba10039a7580" }, { "subject": "17 U.S.C. 201(a), initial ownership", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap2.html", "document": "Title 17, United States Code, chapter 2 (section 201)", "question": "source_kind", "answer": "us-statute", "answer_text": "a US statute or the US Copyright Office", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "Copyright in a work protected under this title vests initially in the author or authors of the work.", "text_sha256": "2544f1ba58db91169566d33e90b325f88966edd64a51d49edacf1380f2047225" }, { "subject": "17 U.S.C. 201(a), initial ownership", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap2.html", "document": "Title 17, United States Code, chapter 2 (section 201)", "question": "settles", "answer": "first-owner", "answer_text": "who owns a design first", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "Copyright in a work protected under this title vests initially in the author or authors of the work. 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years from the year of its creation, whichever expires first", "text_sha256": "dc03095974220a2b3898c6791cec72f864c7520f4482139207068e17d91f8bfe" }, { "subject": "17 U.S.C. 302(c), term for hire", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap3.html", "document": "Title 17, United States Code, chapter 3 (section 302)", "question": "words", "answer": "stated", "answer_text": "or a term of 120 years from the year of its creation, whichever expires first", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-27", "quote": "or a term of 120 years from the year of its creation, whichever expires first", "text_sha256": "dc03095974220a2b3898c6791cec72f864c7520f4482139207068e17d91f8bfe" }, { "subject": "AIA B101-2017, instruments of service", "url": "https://help.aiacontracts.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500009310881-The-Rights-of-an-Architect-s-Instruments-of-Service", "document": "AIA Contract Documents, The Rights of an Architect's Instruments of Service", "question": "source_kind", "answer": "aia-appointment", "answer_text": "the AIA's standard appointment", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "the Architect and the Architect’s consultants are deemed the authors and owners of their respective Instruments of Service", "text_sha256": "df2ec1c82d1e8557636041447e5f31149b9c610c5d5912c5a2c9512a8db4c700" }, { "subject": "AIA B101-2017, instruments of service", "url": "https://help.aiacontracts.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500009310881-The-Rights-of-an-Architect-s-Instruments-of-Service", "document": "AIA Contract Documents, The Rights of an Architect's Instruments of Service", "question": "settles", "answer": "client-licence", "answer_text": "what the client may do with the drawings", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "The Owner receives a license to use the Instruments of Service solely and exclusively for constructing, using, maintaining, altering and adding to the Project.", "text_sha256": "df2ec1c82d1e8557636041447e5f31149b9c610c5d5912c5a2c9512a8db4c700" }, { "subject": "AIA B101-2017, instruments of service", "url": "https://help.aiacontracts.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500009310881-The-Rights-of-an-Architect-s-Instruments-of-Service", "document": "AIA Contract Documents, The Rights of an Architect's Instruments of Service", "question": "words", "answer": "stated", "answer_text": "The Owner receives a license to use the Instruments of Service solely and exclusively for…", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "The Owner receives a license to use the Instruments of Service solely and exclusively for constructing, using, maintaining, altering and adding to the Project.", "text_sha256": "df2ec1c82d1e8557636041447e5f31149b9c610c5d5912c5a2c9512a8db4c700" }, { "subject": "CDPA 1988 s.4(1)(b), work of architecture", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/4", "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 4", "question": "source_kind", "answer": "uk-statute", "answer_text": "a UK statute", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "a work of architecture being a building or a model for a building, or", "text_sha256": "38e6ece563f3afa55e877ef14fddd57d8fe159505988465e914d7cae428f78ee" }, { "subject": "CDPA 1988 s.4(1)(b), work of architecture", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/4", "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 4", "question": "settles", "answer": "what-is-protected", "answer_text": "what in a building or drawing is protected", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "a work of architecture being a building or a model for a building, or", "text_sha256": "38e6ece563f3afa55e877ef14fddd57d8fe159505988465e914d7cae428f78ee" }, { "subject": "CDPA 1988 s.4(1)(b), work of architecture", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/4", "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 4", "question": "words", "answer": "stated", "answer_text": "a work of architecture being a building or a model for a building, or", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "a work of architecture being a building or a model for a building, or", "text_sha256": "38e6ece563f3afa55e877ef14fddd57d8fe159505988465e914d7cae428f78ee" }, { "subject": "CDPA 1988 s.62, buildings on public display", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/62", "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 62", "question": "source_kind", "answer": "uk-statute", "answer_text": "a UK statute", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "sculptures, models for buildings and works of artistic craftsmanship, if permanently situated in a public place", "text_sha256": "782287066efbabbfd4b663c55fddff9c8e9dffd0fb4b926571f2a1c4df8057f6" }, { "subject": "CDPA 1988 s.62, buildings on public display", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/62", "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 62", "question": "settles", "answer": "exceptions", "answer_text": "what others may do without a licence", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "sculptures, models for buildings and works of artistic craftsmanship, if permanently situated in a public place or in premises open to the public.", "text_sha256": "782287066efbabbfd4b663c55fddff9c8e9dffd0fb4b926571f2a1c4df8057f6" }, { "subject": "CDPA 1988 s.62, buildings on public display", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/62", "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 62", "question": "words", "answer": "stated", "answer_text": "sculptures, models for buildings and works of artistic craftsmanship, if permanently…", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "sculptures, models for buildings and works of artistic craftsmanship, if permanently situated in a public place or in premises open to the public.", "text_sha256": "782287066efbabbfd4b663c55fddff9c8e9dffd0fb4b926571f2a1c4df8057f6" }, { "subject": "CDPA 1988 s.65, reconstruction of buildings", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/65", "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 65", "question": "source_kind", "answer": "uk-statute", "answer_text": "a UK statute", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "Anything done for the purposes of reconstructing a building does not infringe any copyright", "text_sha256": "a3293c5139f694d40d691d9f4900c8e660abb455fcb4fcd38c245b3406be42e0" }, { "subject": "CDPA 1988 s.65, reconstruction of buildings", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/65", "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 65", "question": "settles", "answer": "exceptions", "answer_text": "what others may do without a licence", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "Anything done for the purposes of reconstructing a building does not infringe any copyright", "text_sha256": "a3293c5139f694d40d691d9f4900c8e660abb455fcb4fcd38c245b3406be42e0" }, { "subject": "CDPA 1988 s.65, reconstruction of buildings", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/65", "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 65", "question": "words", "answer": "stated", "answer_text": "Anything done for the purposes of reconstructing a building does not infringe any…", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "Anything done for the purposes of reconstructing a building does not infringe any copyright", "text_sha256": "a3293c5139f694d40d691d9f4900c8e660abb455fcb4fcd38c245b3406be42e0" }, { "subject": "CDPA 1988 s.90(4), licence binds successors", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/90", "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 90", "question": "source_kind", "answer": "uk-statute", "answer_text": "a UK statute", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "A licence granted by a copyright owner is binding on every successor in title to his interest in the copyright", "text_sha256": "41340d9e7618d2270c113f4d107791882583cfacea0be8e2519d75774b126a0b" }, { "subject": "CDPA 1988 s.90(4), licence binds successors", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/90", "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 90", "question": "settles", "answer": "how-rights-pass", "answer_text": "how a right is assigned or licensed", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "A licence granted by a copyright owner is binding on every successor in title to his interest in the copyright, except a purchaser in good faith for valuable consideration and without notice (actual or constructive) of the licence", "text_sha256": "41340d9e7618d2270c113f4d107791882583cfacea0be8e2519d75774b126a0b" }, { "subject": "CDPA 1988 s.90(4), licence binds successors", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/90", "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 90", "question": "words", "answer": "stated", "answer_text": "A licence granted by a copyright owner is binding on every successor in title to his…", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "A licence granted by a copyright owner is binding on every successor in title to his interest in the copyright, except a purchaser in good faith for valuable consideration and without notice (actual or constructive) of the licence", "text_sha256": "41340d9e7618d2270c113f4d107791882583cfacea0be8e2519d75774b126a0b" }, { "subject": "CDPA 1988 s.91, prospective ownership", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/91", "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 91", "question": "source_kind", "answer": "uk-statute", "answer_text": "a UK statute", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "Where by an agreement made in relation to future copyright, and signed by or on behalf of the prospective owner of the copyright", "text_sha256": "8c862fb125218a1fe199af732edac310c49483addb7488982ccb3ac944c8bf11" }, { "subject": "CDPA 1988 s.91, prospective ownership", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/91", "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 91", "question": "settles", "answer": "how-rights-pass", "answer_text": "how a right is assigned or licensed", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "Where by an agreement made in relation to future copyright, and signed by or on behalf of the prospective owner of the copyright, the prospective owner purports to assign the future copyright (wholly or partially) to another person", "text_sha256": "8c862fb125218a1fe199af732edac310c49483addb7488982ccb3ac944c8bf11" }, { "subject": "CDPA 1988 s.91, prospective ownership", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/91", "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 91", "question": "words", "answer": "stated", "answer_text": "Where by an agreement made in relation to future copyright, and signed by or on behalf of…", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "Where by an agreement made in relation to future copyright, and signed by or on behalf of the prospective owner of the copyright, the prospective owner purports to assign the future copyright (wholly or partially) to another person", "text_sha256": "8c862fb125218a1fe199af732edac310c49483addb7488982ccb3ac944c8bf11" }, { "subject": "CDPA 1988 s.92(1), exclusive licence", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/92", "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 92", "question": "source_kind", "answer": "uk-statute", "answer_text": "a UK statute", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "In this Part an “exclusive licence” means a licence in writing signed by or on behalf of the copyright owner", "text_sha256": "f04832feb108e0c54f7f5896b3c0fa42ee5428fb36b1ef42b740291334efb3a7" }, { "subject": "CDPA 1988 s.92(1), exclusive licence", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/92", "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 92", "question": "settles", "answer": "how-rights-pass", "answer_text": "how a right is assigned or licensed", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "In this Part an “exclusive licence” means a licence in writing signed by or on behalf of the copyright owner authorising the licensee to the exclusion of all other persons, including the person granting the licence", "text_sha256": "f04832feb108e0c54f7f5896b3c0fa42ee5428fb36b1ef42b740291334efb3a7" }, { "subject": "CDPA 1988 s.92(1), exclusive licence", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/92", "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 92", "question": "words", "answer": "stated", "answer_text": "In this Part an “exclusive licence” means a licence in writing signed by or on behalf of…", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "In this Part an “exclusive licence” means a licence in writing signed by or on behalf of the copyright owner authorising the licensee to the exclusion of all other persons, including the person granting the licence", "text_sha256": "f04832feb108e0c54f7f5896b3c0fa42ee5428fb36b1ef42b740291334efb3a7" }, { "subject": "RIBA Professional Services Contracts 2020, copyright licence", "url": "https://www.riba.org/work/business-tools/riba-contracts/riba-professional-services-contracts-a-helpful-and-practical-agreement/", "document": "RIBA, Professional Services Contracts: a helpful and practical agreement", "question": "source_kind", "answer": "riba-appointment", "answer_text": "the RIBA's standard appointment", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "the conditions attaching to the Client's licence to use the Architect's copyright materials", "text_sha256": "439bb3f29e5e7f8702cfb84dad257c0c22ea175cf7c928dd5a2eccc12bc618dc" }, { "subject": "RIBA Professional Services Contracts 2020, copyright licence", "url": "https://www.riba.org/work/business-tools/riba-contracts/riba-professional-services-contracts-a-helpful-and-practical-agreement/", "document": "RIBA, Professional Services Contracts: a helpful and practical agreement", "question": "settles", "answer": "client-licence", "answer_text": "what the client may do with the drawings", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "Licence arrangements in the Architect's copyright materials attempt to strike a balance between conditions that a Client is likely to accept on the one hand and protecting the Architect from the potential inequity of a Client having a 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RIBA appointment terms", "class": "primary-government", "status": "read" }, { "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/92", "label": "CDPA 1988 s.92 (exclusive licences)", "license": "quoted for comment from the publisher's own copyright statutes and the publishers' own pages on the AIA and RIBA appointment terms", "class": "primary-government", "status": "read" }, { "url": "https://help.aiacontracts.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500009310881-The-Rights-of-an-Architect-s-Instruments-of-Service", "label": "AIA Contract Documents, The Rights of an Architect's Instruments of Service (B101)", "license": "quoted for comment from the publisher's own copyright statutes and the publishers' own pages on the AIA and RIBA appointment terms", "class": "primary-provider-own-site", "status": "read" }, { "url": "https://www.riba.org/work/business-tools/riba-contracts/riba-professional-services-contracts-a-helpful-and-practical-agreement/", "label": "RIBA, Professional Services Contracts: a helpful and practical agreement", "license": "quoted for comment from the publisher's own copyright statutes and the publishers' own pages on the AIA and RIBA appointment terms", "class": "primary-provider-own-site", "status": "read" }, { "url": "https://www.ribaj.com/intelligence/legal-copyright-in-architects-drawings-licenses-and-infringement/", "label": "RIBA Journal, Architects' copyright licences and infringements on drawings", "license": "quoted for comment from the publisher's own copyright statutes and the publishers' own pages on the AIA and RIBA appointment terms", "class": "secondary", "status": "not-terms", "why": "commentary: the charter admits it for discovery only; every rule on the board is quoted from the statute or the appointment's publisher" }, { "url": "https://www.ribaj.com/intelligence/intelligence-architects-need-to-know-about-copyright-when-taking-on-existing-projects/", "label": "RIBA Journal, copyright when taking on existing projects", "license": "quoted for comment from the publisher's own copyright statutes and the publishers' own pages on the AIA and RIBA appointment terms", "class": "secondary", "status": "not-terms", "why": "commentary: the charter admits it for discovery only; every rule on the board is quoted from the statute or the appointment's publisher" }, { "url": "https://communityhub.aia.org/blogs/cheryl-davis/2016/12/14/why-maintaining-copyright-of-your-architectural-work-is-important", "label": "AIA community hub, why maintaining copyright of your architectural work is important", "license": "quoted for comment from the publisher's own copyright statutes and the publishers' own pages on the AIA and RIBA appointment terms", "class": "secondary", "status": "not-terms", "why": "commentary: the charter admits it for discovery only; every rule on the board is quoted from the statute or the appointment's publisher" }, { "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap3.html", "label": "17 U.S.C. ch. 3 (s.302 duration, including works made for hire)", "license": "quoted for comment from the publisher's own copyright statutes and the publishers' own pages on the AIA and RIBA appointment terms", "class": "primary-government", "status": "read" } ], "methodology": "Each provision's own copyright statutes and the publishers' own pages on the AIA and RIBA appointment terms were read through estate-fetch and stored whole (sha256 on every row). For every text, three questions were answered from its own words: where the rule comes from, what it settles, the rule in its own words. Every stated answer carries the sentence it rests on, checked against the stored text; 'not stated' means the text read does not address the question. A provision with several texts reads 'varies' where they disagree. 13 provisions, 13 texts.", "embed": "
13 rules on who owns an architect's drawings and models and what a client's licence covers, each quoted from the statute or the appointment's publisher, read 28 October 2026.
Who owns an architect's drawings, by statute and appointment, sellarchitecturedatatoai.com
" }